THE GREAT NEVADA PLAYING CARD SHORTAGE OF 1920
Panic in Nevada!
Playing cards running out.
What can be done?
Playing cards running out.
What can be done?
Nothing to fear, some Reno businessmen and investors are coming to the rescue. On June 5th, the Morocco Back Playing Card Company was incorporated. The capital stock of $250,000 was to be sold at 25 cents a share.
The heroes from Reno are J. J. Coll, F. E. McCafferty, Robert M. Preston, Pete Bogovich and Archie B. Graham.
How They Got To Reno.....
J. J. Coll
John J. Coll was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War. By the 1890s he had worked his way across the country and ended up in the infamous town of Deadwood, South Dakota. By then it was not the lawless town, it had been when "Wild Bill" Hickok was killed there playing cards.
The heroes from Reno are J. J. Coll, F. E. McCafferty, Robert M. Preston, Pete Bogovich and Archie B. Graham.
How They Got To Reno.....
J. J. Coll
John J. Coll was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War. By the 1890s he had worked his way across the country and ended up in the infamous town of Deadwood, South Dakota. By then it was not the lawless town, it had been when "Wild Bill" Hickok was killed there playing cards.
Deadwood 1895
In 1900 Coll, now 37 years old, married an 18 year old Colorado girl. In 1904 he bought a saloon and became a liquor salesman. His saloon, The Totem, was located just two doors down from Saloon #10 where "Wild Bill" was shot.
His interest in the saloon only lasts a couple years and he moved on to Lovelock, Nevada, near the gold and silver mines. Not content to find his own mining claim he and a partner jump a silver mine claim in nearby Chafey. Discovered by local armed miners the pair is marched about 10 miles on foot to the train station and told not to return.
His interest in the saloon only lasts a couple years and he moved on to Lovelock, Nevada, near the gold and silver mines. Not content to find his own mining claim he and a partner jump a silver mine claim in nearby Chafey. Discovered by local armed miners the pair is marched about 10 miles on foot to the train station and told not to return.
Chafey, Nevada, 1908
Besides being a miner Coll was also an inventor. Between 1914 and 1916 he patented two ideas for new valves to be used on carburetors (Patents #152,604 and #1,177,019). John, his wife and two children, arrived in Reno by 1914. In the city directory he is referred to as a miner and inventor.
In February 1915 Coll applies for a patent for a new type playing card (#1,125,605). He states in his application that "One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a card of the above character which will be simple and practical in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and durable in use. A further object is to provide a playing card adapted to prevent identification by inspection of its back."
The card will have a back of a solid color to prevent cheating.
In February 1915 Coll applies for a patent for a new type playing card (#1,125,605). He states in his application that "One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a card of the above character which will be simple and practical in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and durable in use. A further object is to provide a playing card adapted to prevent identification by inspection of its back."
The card will have a back of a solid color to prevent cheating.
Robert Matthew Preston
Robert was was born in 1871 in Perry County, Illinois. In 1907 he came to Reno to do some investing in the Nevada mining booms. About 100 miles southeast was the new town of Rawhide.
Robert was was born in 1871 in Perry County, Illinois. In 1907 he came to Reno to do some investing in the Nevada mining booms. About 100 miles southeast was the new town of Rawhide.
In December 1906 a discovery was made of a rich gold and silver deposit in the hills near what became Rawhide. Soon two others also found sizeable deposits nearby on Hooligan Hill. Word spread and investors moved in. In 1907 another large deposit was found nearby.
Rawhide 1908
In December 1906 a discovery was made of a rich gold and silver deposit in the hills near what became Rawhide. Soon two others also found sizeable deposits nearby on Hooligan Hill. Word spread and investors moved in. In 1907 another large deposit was found nearby.
The frenzy that these claims created soon had Rawhide booming. Investors began selling stocks at a frenetic pace, and the town soon had a population of about 5,000, with three banks, four churches, a school, twelve hotels, twenty-eight restaurants, a theater, and thirty-seven saloons. While the original mines and claims did produce a decent profit in gold and silver, the fever created an amount of activity far in excess of what the mines could support. Stock swindlers created a sense that Rawhide would be the next Virginia City (or the like of any number of other Nevada boom towns), with untold riches to be had for the savvy folks who would just invest in his companies. Rawhide’s hey-day was short-lived; the glaring, gross over-promotion which manipulators performed to inflate the worth of Rawhide doomed its chance for success from the start. In the short span of two years the town went from its peak population of 7000 people (March to June, 1908), to fewer than 500 people by the latter part of 1910. Helping push the decline of the town, even further along was a disastrous fire which swept through Rawhide in September 1908.
In 1907 Robert invested, with two other gentlemen, in a Rawhide claim. The next year they unloaded it for a $30,000 profit. He received a third of what would be $853,000 today. Unfortunately the great news was offset by bad news. Robert's wife died at this time from complications from surgery, she had from the removal of a mastoid.
Robert's business career in Reno was also doing great and n 1907 he had taken over a place called "The Tavern" on Center Street. A gentlemen's club, it was referred to as one of the best on the west coast. A mission style place made mostly of red fir with art, polished brass, private card rooms, writing desks and a beautiful bar. It was the place to be in Reno. Plus, it was only a block from his Cafe and cigar store, The Waldorf, on Virginia Street
In 1910 Robert again, found love and remarried. But it didn't work out and in 1912 he divorced and set up his ex-wife, and her mother, in a comfortable home in California. But, she received no alimony. The next month she returned to Reno and stayed at The Golden hotel next door to Robert's Tavern. As a bellboy was going down the hallway, he heard a loud scream coming from the former Mrs. Preston's room. Gaining entry he found she has consumed carbonic acid in a suicide attempt. Quickly retrieving a nearby doctor her life was saved. After her recovery, she tearfully regretted her attempt and went back to California.
In 1912 Robert won election to the Nevada State Assembly. There he became embroiled in the argument for Prohibition in Nevada. Surprisingly, he was in favor of it. In 1918 Nevada started its own prohibition and Robert changed the drinks in his establishments to soft drinks.
In 1917 Robert married again. This relationship lasted until his death.
The frenzy that these claims created soon had Rawhide booming. Investors began selling stocks at a frenetic pace, and the town soon had a population of about 5,000, with three banks, four churches, a school, twelve hotels, twenty-eight restaurants, a theater, and thirty-seven saloons. While the original mines and claims did produce a decent profit in gold and silver, the fever created an amount of activity far in excess of what the mines could support. Stock swindlers created a sense that Rawhide would be the next Virginia City (or the like of any number of other Nevada boom towns), with untold riches to be had for the savvy folks who would just invest in his companies. Rawhide’s hey-day was short-lived; the glaring, gross over-promotion which manipulators performed to inflate the worth of Rawhide doomed its chance for success from the start. In the short span of two years the town went from its peak population of 7000 people (March to June, 1908), to fewer than 500 people by the latter part of 1910. Helping push the decline of the town, even further along was a disastrous fire which swept through Rawhide in September 1908.
In 1907 Robert invested, with two other gentlemen, in a Rawhide claim. The next year they unloaded it for a $30,000 profit. He received a third of what would be $853,000 today. Unfortunately the great news was offset by bad news. Robert's wife died at this time from complications from surgery, she had from the removal of a mastoid.
Robert's business career in Reno was also doing great and n 1907 he had taken over a place called "The Tavern" on Center Street. A gentlemen's club, it was referred to as one of the best on the west coast. A mission style place made mostly of red fir with art, polished brass, private card rooms, writing desks and a beautiful bar. It was the place to be in Reno. Plus, it was only a block from his Cafe and cigar store, The Waldorf, on Virginia Street
In 1910 Robert again, found love and remarried. But it didn't work out and in 1912 he divorced and set up his ex-wife, and her mother, in a comfortable home in California. But, she received no alimony. The next month she returned to Reno and stayed at The Golden hotel next door to Robert's Tavern. As a bellboy was going down the hallway, he heard a loud scream coming from the former Mrs. Preston's room. Gaining entry he found she has consumed carbonic acid in a suicide attempt. Quickly retrieving a nearby doctor her life was saved. After her recovery, she tearfully regretted her attempt and went back to California.
In 1912 Robert won election to the Nevada State Assembly. There he became embroiled in the argument for Prohibition in Nevada. Surprisingly, he was in favor of it. In 1918 Nevada started its own prohibition and Robert changed the drinks in his establishments to soft drinks.
In 1917 Robert married again. This relationship lasted until his death.
Archie B. Graham
Thirty-eight year old Archie and his wife arrived in Reno from Marquette, Michigan, in 1910. The census stated he is in the race horse business. To what extent is unknown. A couple years later he was running the Budweiser Cigar Store and Saloon next to Robert Preston's gentleman's club. He also had bought an interest in the Reno Stationery & Tobacconist Store close by Preston's cafe.
Thirty-eight year old Archie and his wife arrived in Reno from Marquette, Michigan, in 1910. The census stated he is in the race horse business. To what extent is unknown. A couple years later he was running the Budweiser Cigar Store and Saloon next to Robert Preston's gentleman's club. He also had bought an interest in the Reno Stationery & Tobacconist Store close by Preston's cafe.
F. E. McCafferty
Francis “Frank” Edward McCafferty was born in 1863 in Govan, Lanarkshire, shortly after his coal miner father died. According to family historians his widow Mary (Kelly) McCafferty remarried a man named John Duffy, also a coal miner. Mary Kelly-McCafferty-Duffy placed her two young sons in a Catholic orphanage in Glasgow, Scotland, and she and her new spouse John Duffy went to France. From there they took a ship to America so John Duffy could work in the Pennsylvania coal mines. By 1873 Frank and his brother joined his family in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. After starting a family, he moved to Victor Town, Teller County, Colorado to be a gold miner in the rush of the 1890s.
Francis “Frank” Edward McCafferty was born in 1863 in Govan, Lanarkshire, shortly after his coal miner father died. According to family historians his widow Mary (Kelly) McCafferty remarried a man named John Duffy, also a coal miner. Mary Kelly-McCafferty-Duffy placed her two young sons in a Catholic orphanage in Glasgow, Scotland, and she and her new spouse John Duffy went to France. From there they took a ship to America so John Duffy could work in the Pennsylvania coal mines. By 1873 Frank and his brother joined his family in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. After starting a family, he moved to Victor Town, Teller County, Colorado to be a gold miner in the rush of the 1890s.
Victor Town 1900
Victor Town boomed as the surrounding Cripple Creek mining district had quickly become the most productive gold mining district in Colorado. Mines in Victor Town and Cripple Creek provided 21 million ounces of gold during this time. That is more than $10 billion today. The mining district, which hit its peak in 1900, became the 2nd largest gold district in the country's history.
The Colorado labor wars were a series of labor strikes in 1903 and 1904 by the gold and silver miners and mill workers represented by the Western Federation of Miners (WFM). Opposing the WFM were associations of mine owners and businessmen at each location, supported by the Colorado state government. The strikes were notable and controversial for the accompanying violence, and the imposition of martial law by the Colorado National Guard in order to put down the strikes. By 1903, the allegiance of the state government had shifted, and Governor James Peabody sent the Colorado National Guard into Cripple Creek with the goal of destroying union power in the gold camps.
It was at this time Frank uprooted his family and fled to Humboldt County, Nevada. There he became a quartz miner for a few years. By 1911 he again moved, this time to Fairview, Nevada, which was still seeing a silver boom. Shortly after that the silver dried up and the town slowly became a ghost town. Finally giving up in 1917 he moved to the nearby town of Packard and, according to a local newspaper, builds a fine new residence. For some reason they soon left Packard, leaving the home to their married daughter, and moved to Reno. There Frank became a manager for the stock broker firm Smith & Amann Company from San Francisco. At the same time Frank's wife died after a long illness.
The Colorado labor wars were a series of labor strikes in 1903 and 1904 by the gold and silver miners and mill workers represented by the Western Federation of Miners (WFM). Opposing the WFM were associations of mine owners and businessmen at each location, supported by the Colorado state government. The strikes were notable and controversial for the accompanying violence, and the imposition of martial law by the Colorado National Guard in order to put down the strikes. By 1903, the allegiance of the state government had shifted, and Governor James Peabody sent the Colorado National Guard into Cripple Creek with the goal of destroying union power in the gold camps.
It was at this time Frank uprooted his family and fled to Humboldt County, Nevada. There he became a quartz miner for a few years. By 1911 he again moved, this time to Fairview, Nevada, which was still seeing a silver boom. Shortly after that the silver dried up and the town slowly became a ghost town. Finally giving up in 1917 he moved to the nearby town of Packard and, according to a local newspaper, builds a fine new residence. For some reason they soon left Packard, leaving the home to their married daughter, and moved to Reno. There Frank became a manager for the stock broker firm Smith & Amann Company from San Francisco. At the same time Frank's wife died after a long illness.
Peter M. Bogovich
Peter was born in 1874, in Malinska, on the island of Krk, in the Adriatic Sea. At that time it belonged to Yugoslavia, but is now under the rule of Croatia. In 1887 his family left during a very turbulent time in the country's history. Making their way to Amsterdam they set sail on the S. S. Maasdam for the United States. Their destiny was Butte, Montana.
Peter was born in 1874, in Malinska, on the island of Krk, in the Adriatic Sea. At that time it belonged to Yugoslavia, but is now under the rule of Croatia. In 1887 his family left during a very turbulent time in the country's history. Making their way to Amsterdam they set sail on the S. S. Maasdam for the United States. Their destiny was Butte, Montana.
S. S. Maasdam
Why Butte, Montana? There may have already been relatives there. A John Bogovich, from Yugoslavia, owned a restaurant there and the census shows Peter was a cook. Butte experienced rapid development in the late-nineteenth century, and was Montana's first major industrial city. In its heyday between the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, it was one of the largest copper boomtowns in the American West. Employment opportunities in the mines attracted surges of Asian and European immigrants.
By 1900 he moved to Wardner, Idaho, which was known as the Silver Valley of Idaho. The stay was short and he moved on to Tonopah, Nevada, next. There he became a merchant during the second largest silver strike in Nevada history. After apparently doing very well he takes a 2 year trip back to his hometown in Europe in 1907.
By 1900 he moved to Wardner, Idaho, which was known as the Silver Valley of Idaho. The stay was short and he moved on to Tonopah, Nevada, next. There he became a merchant during the second largest silver strike in Nevada history. After apparently doing very well he takes a 2 year trip back to his hometown in Europe in 1907.
Tonopah ca. 1905
After a couple months he returns to Tonopah. The next year he heads to northern Nevada to a place called Jarbridge. Gold was discovered near there in 1909, making it the site of one of the last gold rushes in the Old West. The newspaper article about his trip states it will take him 16 days to hike in after he reaches the closest town of Golconda. Two months later he returned to Tonopah where he told the local newspaper he is done with Jarbridge.
Leaving Tonopah he moved to Carson City. There he started managing the Mason hotel and soon got married at age 36. In 1918 he moved to Reno and got into the tobacco business by buying The Smoke Shop. It was around the corner from R. M. Preston's club.
He also moved into the recently built Colonial Apartments. In the first decade of the twentieth century, the temporary housing needs of Reno’s divorce colony prompted the construction of several modern apartment houses. The Colonial Apartments, which cost more than $60,000 to build at the time, were the first large apartment building in Reno that advertised accommodations to travelers and long-term residents alike. The building contained 160 rooms divided into forty-eight furnished apartments. It was said to be “strictly modern in every particular...built according to the plans of modern apartment houses in Los Angeles.” Built in the Colonial Revival style of architecture, the new building featured classic revival elements such as columns, brick and stone materials, and brackets. Inside, it boasted hardwood floors in each apartment, new wall beds, marble steps and columns, and an elevator. One of Peter's neighbors was Archie B. Graham.
Leaving Tonopah he moved to Carson City. There he started managing the Mason hotel and soon got married at age 36. In 1918 he moved to Reno and got into the tobacco business by buying The Smoke Shop. It was around the corner from R. M. Preston's club.
He also moved into the recently built Colonial Apartments. In the first decade of the twentieth century, the temporary housing needs of Reno’s divorce colony prompted the construction of several modern apartment houses. The Colonial Apartments, which cost more than $60,000 to build at the time, were the first large apartment building in Reno that advertised accommodations to travelers and long-term residents alike. The building contained 160 rooms divided into forty-eight furnished apartments. It was said to be “strictly modern in every particular...built according to the plans of modern apartment houses in Los Angeles.” Built in the Colonial Revival style of architecture, the new building featured classic revival elements such as columns, brick and stone materials, and brackets. Inside, it boasted hardwood floors in each apartment, new wall beds, marble steps and columns, and an elevator. One of Peter's neighbors was Archie B. Graham.
The Colonial Apartments
The Morocco Back Playing Card Company
As you already know the company was formed in June 1920. The President was the inventor J. J. Coll and the Secretary was the stockbroker manager F. E. McCafferty. How much everyone contributed to the company is unknown, as is where the idea for the name came from. Not even a patent, or copyright, has been found to have been filed.
What would the cards have looked like? Well, we have a clue. In 1915 J. J. Coll filed a patent for a playing card design. This one was to prevent card players from cheating. Patent #1,152.605 was described as "...the objects of the present invention is to provide a card of the above character which will be simple and practical in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and durable in use. A further object is to provide a playing card adapted to prevent identification by inspection of its back. This back, as it will be herein, after referred to, is of a uniform solid color, such as black or dark blue, or brown, extending through the body of the card."
Why aren't they listed in The Encyclopedia of American Playing Cards? The answer is that they went bust and folded before there was any production. By 1923 the company was officially listed as defunct by the Nevada Secretary of State.
Not that many shares were apparently sold. I own two of them. Certificate #30 was sold to a Gurnie Hawkensen, for 1500 shares, and #51 which was unsold. Several certificates have been sold at auctions, numbered higher than #51, and they were all also unissued.
As you already know the company was formed in June 1920. The President was the inventor J. J. Coll and the Secretary was the stockbroker manager F. E. McCafferty. How much everyone contributed to the company is unknown, as is where the idea for the name came from. Not even a patent, or copyright, has been found to have been filed.
What would the cards have looked like? Well, we have a clue. In 1915 J. J. Coll filed a patent for a playing card design. This one was to prevent card players from cheating. Patent #1,152.605 was described as "...the objects of the present invention is to provide a card of the above character which will be simple and practical in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and durable in use. A further object is to provide a playing card adapted to prevent identification by inspection of its back. This back, as it will be herein, after referred to, is of a uniform solid color, such as black or dark blue, or brown, extending through the body of the card."
Why aren't they listed in The Encyclopedia of American Playing Cards? The answer is that they went bust and folded before there was any production. By 1923 the company was officially listed as defunct by the Nevada Secretary of State.
Not that many shares were apparently sold. I own two of them. Certificate #30 was sold to a Gurnie Hawkensen, for 1500 shares, and #51 which was unsold. Several certificates have been sold at auctions, numbered higher than #51, and they were all also unissued.
What Happened After The Collapse?
President J. J. Coll deserted his wife by 1922 and went to the Oakland, California, area. Maybe this was a fallout of the business failing. She divorced him in 1924. By 1930 he was doing odd jobs around Stockton, California, and by 1940 he was living with his daughter in Sparks, Nevada, near Reno. In 1942 he passed away after he broke a leg and had complications from heart problems.
Secretary F. E. McCafferty must have suffered a financial loss also. In 1922 he was working as the night jailer in Reno. Why no brokerage job that must have paid well? The only good luck he had after this was in 1930 discovering that his wife had stashed some money in an unknown bank account. With interest it had grown to over $3,000 (almost $50,000 today). In 1945 he died while living with his daughter in Reno.
Robert M. Preston does not appear to have been affected by the card business failure. He quit running The Tavern in 1922 and operated only the Waldorf Cafe. Then he became president of the new Superdent Toothpaste Company. Using only natural Nevada ingredients it was produced by the Nature Products Company of Tonopah, Nevada.
President J. J. Coll deserted his wife by 1922 and went to the Oakland, California, area. Maybe this was a fallout of the business failing. She divorced him in 1924. By 1930 he was doing odd jobs around Stockton, California, and by 1940 he was living with his daughter in Sparks, Nevada, near Reno. In 1942 he passed away after he broke a leg and had complications from heart problems.
Secretary F. E. McCafferty must have suffered a financial loss also. In 1922 he was working as the night jailer in Reno. Why no brokerage job that must have paid well? The only good luck he had after this was in 1930 discovering that his wife had stashed some money in an unknown bank account. With interest it had grown to over $3,000 (almost $50,000 today). In 1945 he died while living with his daughter in Reno.
Robert M. Preston does not appear to have been affected by the card business failure. He quit running The Tavern in 1922 and operated only the Waldorf Cafe. Then he became president of the new Superdent Toothpaste Company. Using only natural Nevada ingredients it was produced by the Nature Products Company of Tonopah, Nevada.
THE DRUGGIST'S CIRCULAR
December 1922
TOOTH POWDER MOUNTAIN
Newspaper science is usually regarded as a joke but sometimes the newspapers do hit it right or almost right in reporting something other than crime. The following from the Bridgeport Post is offered here for what it is worth. Nevada for years has been mining silver copper and gold but now it has turned to mining tooth powder. Twelve years ago Mack Foster, an old desert rat and big game hunter, discovered Mount Superdent and found its peculiar mineral would take the tobacco stains off his teeth. Other prospectors took to using it but nobody thought of staking out a claim there. Eventually Foster told a man named Fenwick about it. Fenwick's secretary, a Western girl named Josephine Robinson, tried some of the material and found it most effective. Fenwick staked the claim in a hurry and now he and his associates are sweating to keep ahead of the orders. The material mined from the mountain not only cleans teeth but polishes silver, manicures nails, shines up optical goods, whitens shoes and makes a fine shampoo. Physicians are using it too for a surgical powder. Science calls the material diatomaceous deposits. The mountain is out in the sagebrush desert about thirty miles from Tonopah.
December 1922
TOOTH POWDER MOUNTAIN
Newspaper science is usually regarded as a joke but sometimes the newspapers do hit it right or almost right in reporting something other than crime. The following from the Bridgeport Post is offered here for what it is worth. Nevada for years has been mining silver copper and gold but now it has turned to mining tooth powder. Twelve years ago Mack Foster, an old desert rat and big game hunter, discovered Mount Superdent and found its peculiar mineral would take the tobacco stains off his teeth. Other prospectors took to using it but nobody thought of staking out a claim there. Eventually Foster told a man named Fenwick about it. Fenwick's secretary, a Western girl named Josephine Robinson, tried some of the material and found it most effective. Fenwick staked the claim in a hurry and now he and his associates are sweating to keep ahead of the orders. The material mined from the mountain not only cleans teeth but polishes silver, manicures nails, shines up optical goods, whitens shoes and makes a fine shampoo. Physicians are using it too for a surgical powder. Science calls the material diatomaceous deposits. The mountain is out in the sagebrush desert about thirty miles from Tonopah.
Preston made a lot of money from Superdent. Unfortunately he died from a stroke in 1932.
Archie B. Graham already had health issues when the Morocco Back Playing Cards started. In 1921 he had bought all the interest in the stationery store and then sold it in 1924. Shortly after that he left for California for his health. After a couple years, and feeling a lot better, he bought a ranch in Las Vegas to retire to. In 1928 he became ill one night and died a couple hours later.
Peter Bogovich was listed as the Resident Agent for the playing card stocks. You could buy them in his Smoke Shop at 16 West 2nd Street. In 1923 Peter sold the shop and then became a candy maker. His wife made a treat called "Bogey's Candy" she sold out of the Smoke Shop that was very popular in Reno. Now they were expanding that treat with a full line of candies. After a couple years Peter yearned to return to his homeland and the Bogovichs packed up and left for Europe. But after two years they realized how much they missed Nevada and returned in 1928.
Archie B. Graham already had health issues when the Morocco Back Playing Cards started. In 1921 he had bought all the interest in the stationery store and then sold it in 1924. Shortly after that he left for California for his health. After a couple years, and feeling a lot better, he bought a ranch in Las Vegas to retire to. In 1928 he became ill one night and died a couple hours later.
Peter Bogovich was listed as the Resident Agent for the playing card stocks. You could buy them in his Smoke Shop at 16 West 2nd Street. In 1923 Peter sold the shop and then became a candy maker. His wife made a treat called "Bogey's Candy" she sold out of the Smoke Shop that was very popular in Reno. Now they were expanding that treat with a full line of candies. After a couple years Peter yearned to return to his homeland and the Bogovichs packed up and left for Europe. But after two years they realized how much they missed Nevada and returned in 1928.
The Bogovichs returned home on the RMS Aquitania
The two years later they once again went to Europe for a while. In 1932 they returned to Reno again.
The Bogovich's returned on the French ship S. S. Winnipeg
In 1934 Peter starting having some health issues and the family moved to San Francisco so he could be treated at the Stanford Hospital.
Never regaining his health he passed away in the hospital in January 1935.
Never regaining his health he passed away in the hospital in January 1935.